![]() ![]() The myometrium of the uterus mostly consists of smooth muscle. Vascular spaces fuse and become interconnected, forming the placenta, which supplies oxygen and nutrition to the embryo and fetus. During pregnancy, the uterine glands and blood vessels in the endometrium further increase in size and number and form the decidua. It has a basal layer and a functional layer the functional layer thickens and then is sloughed during the menstrual cycle or estrous cycle. The endometrium is the inner epithelial layer, along with its mucous membrane, of the mammalian uterus. ![]() From innermost to outermost, these layers are the endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium. ![]() The uterus has three layers, which together form the uterine wall. Vertical section of mucous membrane of human uterus It is covered by a sheet-like fold of peritoneum, the broad ligament. These ligaments include the pubocervical ligaments, the cardinal ligaments, and the uterosacral ligaments. The uterus is held in position within the pelvis by ligaments, which are part of the endopelvic fascia. The uterus can be divided anatomically into four regions: the fundus – the uppermost rounded portion of the uterus, the corpus (body), the cervix, and the cervical canal. A typical adult uterus weighs about 60 grams. The human uterus is pear-shaped and about 7.6 cm (3.0 in) long, 4.5 cm (1.8 in) broad (side to side), and 3.0 cm (1.2 in) thick. The human uterus is located within the pelvic region immediately behind and almost overlying the bladder, and in front of the sigmoid colon. ![]()
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March 2023
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